- 科研成果
中國海水養殖環境質量及其生態修復技術研究進展
【Author】 LI Chun-hou,WANG Xue-feng,WANG Xiao-wei,LIN Lin(Key Lab.of Fishery Ecology Environment,Ministry;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)
【機構】 中國水產科學研究院南海水產研究所農業部漁業生態環境重點開放實驗室； 中國水產科學研究院南海水產研究所農業部漁業生態環境重點開放實驗室 廣東廣州510300； 廣東廣州510300；
【摘要】 海水養殖提供了大量水產品,創造了良好的經濟效益,也緩解了對天然漁業資源的捕撈壓力。中國的海洋魚、貝類產量在20世紀90年代后大幅度增長,海水養殖產業的發展取得令人矚目的成就,極大地提升了海洋漁業在國民經濟中的地位。然而,海水養殖業發展過程中,漁業水域環境惡化、養殖自身污染加劇、養殖品種種質退化等問題日益突出,水產養殖病害造成的經濟損失越來越大。在此背景下,海水養殖環境的生態修復技術得以不斷發展,在改善水質,促進健康品種養殖方面展示了良好前景。分析研究海水養殖的現狀和存在問題,總結生態修復技術的研究進展,對挖掘海水養殖潛力,推動海水養殖可持續發展,發展漁區經濟,增加漁民收入等都具有重要現實意義。為此針對我國海水養殖環境質量的現狀和問題,結合生態修復技術的進展,對海水健康養殖的發展構想及對策進行了探討。
【Abstract】 China has a long history in aquaculture.Mariculture provides not only nutritional and economic benefits,but also decrease intensity of exploitation on declining wild living resources.Production of marine fish and mollusc has been increasing sharply since 1990’s.As mariculture plays an important role in national economy,the rapid development and changes in mariculture species have aroused increasing concern about mariculture’s impact on coastal environment.The impact of coastal aquaculture,may include water quality deterioration and contaminants,self-pollution of mariculture,decrease of culture species’ which results in a significant bearing on the expansion of mariculture.Under the condition mentioned above,ecological rehabilitation technologies on mariculture also have made great progress and have promising future in improving water quality and advancing healthy aquaculture.So,it is imperative to study the status of mariculture and the development of ecological rehabilitation technologies,which are indispensable to develop sustainable aquaculture.The article studies the status of mariculture,combining the advances in ecological rehabilitation technology,and then discusses the developing prospects and countermeasures of how to make mariculture develop in a sustainable approach.
【Key words】 China； mariculture development； ecology rehabilitation； water quality； progress；
【基金】 廣東省重大科技計劃項目(2003B21501);珠海市科技計劃項目(BC200320016);廣州市農業科技計劃項目